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An ordinary of arms (or simply an ordinary) is a roll or register of coats of arms arranged systematically by design, with coats featuring the same principal elements (geometrical ordinaries and charges) grouped together. The purpose of an ordinary is to facilitate the identification of the owner of a coat of arms from visual evidence alone. Ordinaries may take a form which is either graphic (consisting of a series of painted or drawn images of shields) or written (consisting of blazons – verbal descriptions – of the coats). Most medieval and early modern manuscript ordinaries were graphic, whereas all the principal modern published ordinaries have been written. A knowledge of the technicalities of blazon is essential for the student hoping to make best use of a written ordinary. By extension, ordinaries may also be compiled of other elements of heraldic display, such as crests, supporters or badges.〔Woodcock and Robinson 1988, p. 34.〕 Although ordinaries of arms have been compiled since the 14th century, the actual term seems to have come into use only in the 18th century. The earliest clear attestation is found in Edmondson's ''Complete Body of Heraldry'' of 1780.〔 〕 ==Medieval and early modern ordinaries== The ordinary appears to have been an English development of the 14th century. No medieval ordinaries are known from continental Europe.〔Wagner 1950, p. xv.〕〔Wagner 1952, p. 51.〕 Medieval English ordinaries include "Cooke's Ordinary", compiled in c.1340 (644 coats),〔Wagner 1950, pp. 58–59.〕〔Fox 2006.〕 "Cotgrave's Ordinary", also of c.1340 but in blazon (556 coats),〔Wagner 1950, p. 60.〕〔 and the larger "Thomas Jenyns' Book", compiled in c.1398 (1,595 coats).〔Wagner 1950, pp. 73–78.〕〔 These three are all related, and perhaps derive from a lost progenitor. An independent work is "William Jenyns' Ordinary", compiled in c.1360 (1,612 coats).〔Wagner 1950, pp. 69–71.〕〔Fox 2009.〕 In the early 16th century, Thomas Wriothesley, Garter King of Arms, planned a comprehensive painted roll and ordinary of all English arms: this was not completed, but parts of the ordinary survive in what is now known as "Prince Arthur's Book" of c.1520.〔Wagner 1957, pp. 258–59.〕〔Campbell and Steer 1988, pp. 387–88.〕〔Woodcock and Robinson 1988, colour plate 1.〕 In the second half of the century, Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, drew on a wide range of medieval sources to compile "Glover's Ordinary", the fullest and most authoritative ordinary to date. This was assembled in its first form in 1584, and contained some 15,000 coats. At the beginning of the 17th century, Augustine Vincent, Rouge Croix Pursuivant and later Windsor Herald, compiled "Vincent's Ordinary", also of about 15,000 shields, drawn in trick.〔Campbell and Steer 1988, pp. 409–10.〕 Versions of Glover's Ordinary, much augmented, were published in Joseph Edmondson's ''Complete Body of Heraldry'' (1780) and in William Berry's ''Encyclopedia Heraldica'' (1828). Cotgrave's Ordinary was published in 1829, edited by Sir Harris Nicolas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ordinary of arms」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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